Health Promotion & Middle-Age Adults 

Please note, I also need 2 responses!!!  It can be any additional comment or adding additional information about the same topic

Please name each question!!!! Do not use question #, find the attachment as an example

For this Discussion, your instructor will assign you a case number     !!!!!! Case 1 ONLY!!!!

Case 1Case 2Case 3 Cases

J.G. is a nurse practitioner working in a health clinic. Her clinic provides care to a majority of Hispanic migrant farmworkers during the summer months. Farmworkers in the area are susceptible to health problems because they are in a low-income bracket and may be exposed to unsanitary working and housing conditions. The workers do not tend to seek preventive care because of finances, transportation, and fear of deportation in many instances.

She struggles with the delivery of fragmented services within the migrant community because individuals move around frequently. In her encounters with the patients she serves, she has to stress early the importance of screening and follow-up care. She must also carefully assess the level of health literacy when providing education. In addition, She remains culturally sensitive to the beliefs and practices of the population she serves.

K.Y. is an employee-health nurse practitioner for a large corporation. Her role is to advocate for her clients by helping them improve their quality of life, both for the present and the future, through the identification of risk factors, health promotion, and other nursing interventions. The majority of the employees She sees are middle-age adults.

Her clients come to see her for a variety of reasons, including stress, mental illness, and on-the-job injuries. K.Y. assists her clients by providing education about healthy lifestyle choices, referrals to community resources, and counseling.

R.K. is a home health nurse practitioner who delivers primary care to a predominantly Medicare population. The role of the home health nurse practitioner is to provide assessments to individuals inclusive of the environment, provide direct skilled care and treatment, and provide education and referrals as needed. He must work closely with the patient and his or her caregiver in trying to prevent complications of illness.

R.K. specializes in providing wound care services in the home. He visits many diabetic patients living in a senior community. These patients are considered to be homebound and use wheelchairs or walkers to reach the common dining room where meals are served every evening. He is interested in assessing the nutritional content of the meals that are served.

Questions for the case

Create a list of health hazards associated with the migrant population in general and the one referred on the case. Which would be your recommendations to the migrant population to prevent injuries related to those hazards and how to improve their health.

Make a summary of the typical biological changes in the middle-age adult.

Create a list of recommendations of major activities older adults can engage in to promote health and prevent frailty.

Once you received your case number; answer the specific question on the table above. Then, continue to discuss the 3 topics listed below for your case:

Discuss how you would advise young adults in selecting contraceptive methods. Do you have any personal, religious reservations, or discomforts that would interfere with your ability to advise clients and ask them how they would address these personal conflicts?

Have students develop a smoking cessation plan for a client.

Evaluate the impact of poverty on older adults. Make sure to include the impact on their physical and mental health and health promotion recommendations.

Perer 1:

 NUR 601: HEALTH PROMOTION & DISEASE PREVENTION Discussion 7 Case 2As people approach 35 to 65 years of age, they are classified as middle-aged adults. There are many changes that happen to our bodies as we go though these years. Patients’ hair will start to turn, white or gray and become thinner, this weight tends to be more around the hips and abdomen. Patients tend to gain weight due to the ability to lose weight decreases. Patients tend to become less active. Joints become stiffer, arthritis, and other joint and bone difficulties start. Patients start to lose height and loose of bone density. Most organ systems slow down, and decrease output, like our hearts, lungs, and bowels, kidney.  Increase risk for heart and lung disease, due to blood vessel become thicker and less flexibility. Women start going though menopause, and men may start to have decrease in sexual function (Edelman, 2018).            Teaching young adults about contraception options, could be a difficult discussion. We as health care providers need to inform them of all their options, condoms (male and female), birth control pill, intrauterine device (IUD), diaphragms, the day after pill, and cycle method. The Affordable Care Act has made some of these options more readily available for them (Daley, 2018).  My religious beliefs do not hinder me from offer all options to patients. I am a firm believer in allow people to choose the best options for them. I am in the medical field to help provide the best care I can for my patients and advocate for them.            Promoting a smoking cessation program is a very difficult discussion. Unless the patient is ready to commit to stopping, the plan will not work. It is very important to make sure the patient has a support system; it is easy to fail. The best place to start to be to find the best plan for the patient. Everyone does it different, some use a nicotine patch or gum, some can start to decrease the amount, and some stop cold turkey. There are meeting and support groups for patients who are looking to stop, so matching them with the right group will help the patient succeed (Chase, 2020).            Working in a field where I face the older population daily. Many of them do not have the money to have help in caring for themselves or for their loved ones. I see many patients who need to be in a nursing home or have in home care. Some patients come to the hospital due to increase confusion, usually due to not eating enough or not drinking enough fluids to stay hydrated. Some patients come in with bed sore due to being in bed and the family is unable to help the patient. We also see in the reports from the ambulance companies describe the way the patient was found or the status of the environment the patient was found. Hearing patients say things like they cannot afford the medications need to get better, is heart breaking. I had one patient’s family ask about how the hospital bills for phone calls, and they went on to say cause the patient is so confused and keeps making phone calls to people. I work for hospice, so some of our consults for palliative care surprise these older patients (Rowley, 2021). They may not want to admit they are ready for hospice but once we explain it covers most of their medication, they are more likely to sign up. Some of them can go back home with their loved ones, some we help find placement for them. The hospital or our staff help the family apply for Medicaid. Most of these older patient just need some guidance in finding programs that can assist them.ReferencesChase, W., Zurmehly, J., Amaya, M., & Browning, K. K. (2020). Implementation of a Smoking Cessation e?Learning Education Program for Oncology Clinic Healthcare Providers: Evaluation With    Implications for Evidence?Based Practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 17(6), 476–     482. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12476Daley, A. M., & Polifroni, E. C. (2018). “Contraceptive Care for Adolescents in School-Based Health Centers Is Essential!”: The Lived Experience of Nurse Practitioners. Journal of School    Nursing, 34(5), 367–379. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840517709503Edelman, C. K. (2018). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span 9 th edition. St. Louis, MI: Elsevier.Rowley, J., Richards, N., Carduff, E., & Gott, M. (2021). The impact of poverty and deprivation at the end                      of life: a critical review. Palliative Care & Social Practice, 1–19.                                                               https://doi.org/10.1177/26323524211033873

Peer 2:

M7 Discussion – Initial Post – Case 3A healthcare professional can promote population and community health by supporting prevention and wellness initiatives and providing information, educating the population, and promoting healthier behaviors. For example, health care professionals can engage the population in lifestyle changes that can reduce chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension (Griffiths et al., 2020). Older adults are at increased risk for developing certain diseases such as osteoarthritis. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this disease, and the treatment focuses on maintaining joint mobility, reducing disability, and minimizing pain (Dlugasch & Story, 2020). Non-pharmacological treatments and prevention of this disease include physical therapy and weight loss to increase mobility. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), adults aged 65 or older should get at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intense aerobic exercise, like a brisk walk and at least two times a week do a muscle-strengthening activity (Gammack, 2017). Another common problem in older adults is osteoporosis, a progression of bone mass and decreased bone quality, increasing the risk of fractures (Dlugasch & Story, 2020). The recommendations for preventing this disease would include physical therapy to strengthen the joints, increase dietary calcium and vitamin D ingestion, and safety measures to prevent falls, such as removing clutters or using an assistive device.For this reason, it is relevant to provide recommendations for major activities older adults can engage in to promote health and prevent frailty. Physical activity in older adults has been shown to improve physical, cognitive, and functional status and reduce the risk of frailty (Gammack, 2017). The nurse practitioner (NP) should encourage home-based activities to improve the long-term compliance of a physical activity program. In addition, the NP should plan group-based exercises to increase participation and compliance. Some forms of exercise include brisk walks, strengthening exercises outdoor, flexibility, and aerobic movements.Selecting Contraceptive MethodsThe choice of a contraceptive method is a complex decision, and the provider should identify patient­-centered reproductive goals, document medical history/potential complications, and give information on different contraceptive methods. Once a patient and provider find a method suitable for the patient the provider should inform how to take the medication, how often, efficacy, effect on menstrual bleeding, adverse side effects, and effect on future fertility (da Silva et al., 2022). Dual method use should be encouraged among adolescents and young adults to prevent both unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.Health care providers have an essential role in providing information and supporting patients’ decision-making about contraceptive methods through contraceptive counseling and ensuring that a woman can access high-quality and non-judgmental reproductive health care services and contraceptive methods (Todd & Black, 2020). In shared decision-making, patients are acknowledged for their preferences, and providers contribute their medical knowledge about the different options and how they relate to patients’ preferences.Smoking Cessation PlanCigarette smoking is a significant health risk for several diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, respiratory problems, and cancers (Kim et al., 2019). Smoking cessation is recommended, and it is associated with many advantages, such as reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety and improving the quality of life for former smokers (Kim et al., 2019). One smoking cessation plan would be the e-health tools, such as telephone-based smoking cessation. A study showed that the integration of e-health tools in primary healthcare settings could improve knowledge about cessation treatments among smokers and integrate smoking cessation into routine care (Cupertino et al., 2019).Impact of Poverty on Older Adults Poverty is associated with adverse health outcomes among older adults, impacting their physical and mental health (Stolz et al., 2017). Studies have shown that people continuously or partially uninsured were more likely to suffer significant functional declines compared with those who were continuously insured, and people with higher levels of income, assets, and private health insurance tend to maintain better physical functioning in middle and old age (Chung et al., 2018). In addition, poverty is a risk factor for death by suicide in older adults. Suicide prevention strategies for older adults should be tailored explicitly by income level (Choi et al., 2019).ReferencesChoi, J. W., Kim, T. H., Shin, J., & Han, E. (2019). Poverty and suicide risk in older adults: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Int J of Geriatr Psychiatry, 34(11), 1565-1571. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5166 (Links to an external site.)Chung, R. Y. N., Chung, G. K. K., Gordon, D., Wong, S. Y. S., Chan, D., Lau, M. K. W., Tang, V. M. Y., & Wong, H. (2018). Deprivation is associated with worse physical and mental health beyond income poverty: A population-based household survey among Chinese adults. Qual Life Res, 27, 2127–2135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1863-yCupertino, A. P., Cartujano-Barrera, F., Perales, J., Formagini, T., Rodriguez-Bolanos, R., Ellerback, E. F., Ponciano-Rodriguez, G., & Reynales-Shigematsu, L. M. (2019). “Vive sin tabaco… ¡Decídete!” Feasibility and acceptability of an e-health smoking cessation informed decision-making tool integrated in primary healthcare in Mexico. Telemedicine and e-Health, 25(5). https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2017.0299 (Links to an external site.)da Silva, R. R., da Silva Filho, J. A., de Lima, E. R., Belém, J. M., Pereira, R. S., & de Oliveira, C. A. N. (2022). Woman-centered shared decision-making to promote contraceptive counseling: An integrative review. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 75(5), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0104 (Links to an external site.)Dlugasch, L., & Story, L. (2020). Musculoskeletal function. In L. Dlugasch, & L. Story (Eds.), Applied pathophysiology for the advanced practice nurse (1st ed., pp. 572-625). Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN: 978-1-284-15045-2Gammack, J. K. (2017). Physical activity in older persons. Missouri medicine, 114(2), 105–109.Griffiths, J. C., de Vries, J., McBurney, M. I., Wopereis, S., Serttas, S., & Marsman, D. S. (2020). Measuring health promotion: Translating science into policy. European Journal of Nutrition, 59, 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02359-1 (Links to an external site.)Kim, S. J., Chae, W., Park, W. H., Park, M. H., Park, E. C., & Jang, S. I. (2019). The impact of smoking cessation attempts on stress levels. BMC Public Health, 19, 267. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6592-9 (Links to an external site.)Stolz, E., Mayerl, H., Waxenegger, A., & Freidl, W. (2017). Explaining the impact of poverty on old-age frailty in Europe: Material, psychosocial and behavioral factors. European Journal of Public Health, 27(6), 1003–1009. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx079 (Links to an external site.)Todd, N., & Black, A. (2020). Contraception for adolescents. Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 12(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.S0003