Part A – Short-Answer Questions (4 marks each). Answer any 6 of the following 7 questions.

Briefly discuss the three types of landscapes that Geographers study. Provide an example of each type of landscape.

What do you mean by ecological footprint? Briefly discuss how the national governments can use the footprint data in planning and management of their country’s natural resources.

Define the terms State, Nation and Nation-State and provide an example of each of these terms/concepts.

• What is meant by territoriality? Briefly discuss how territoriality provides a means of meeting various social and cultural needs of human beings.
• What is meant by the “Domino Theory”? Briefly discuss why USA was very much worried for this theory, and what types of strategies/policy measures it took to minimize the effects of this theory.
• What is meant by congregation and provide an example of this process. Briefly discuss some of the main advantages of congregation.
• Feeding the hungry is not a challenge anymore in cities/urban areas in China, however, it is still a daily struggle in the rural areas and country side. Based on the video “Food is Heaven,” justify this statement.
• Part B – Long answer questions (10 marks each). Answer any 3 of the following 4 questions.
• Canada’s Aboriginal languages are among the most endangered in the world. Based on the video you have watched in the class, discuss some of the main factors that have contributed to the disappearance of the Inuktitut language in Nunavut (6 marks). What specific measures should be taken to preserve the Inuktitut language in Nunavut (4 marks)?
• The types of problems cities in the core region of the world facing today are different from the types of problems faced by cities in the peripheral region. Discuss in detail the type of problems that are being experienced by cities in the core region (5 marks) and also cities in the peripheral region (5 marks) of the world today. Wherever possible, provide examples from different parts of the world.

In the past two decades, globally fish production from wild sources has gone down significantly. Discuss in detail some of the main contributing factors towards this declining of fish production from wild sources (6 marks). In response to the declining stock from wild sources, aquaculture has been practiced by many maritime countries. Based on the video that you watched in class, explain some of the negative impacts of salmon aquaculture on the coastal communities and the environment in British Columbia (4 marks).

Human beings modify/alter the landscape according to the tastes and standards of beauty. Using the example of the ‘Evolution of garden design in Europe’ explain in detail how people’s perception and attitude towards nature has changed over time and reflected on the landscape design in Europe. (10 marks)