Assignment 1. Read and answer Case 16.2 from the text (pages 265-266) (ATTACHED THE CASE STUDY BELOW). While some answers may be more brief than others, complete sentences and discussion are required. Simply answering ‘yes’ or ‘no’ (or anything similar) will be considered a non-answer. Complete answers are required. Each of the ten questions carries a value of ten points. You will need to source additional references to provide adequate answers.

Note: This text and case were prepared prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Your answers should reflect the longer time perspective. However, if you can also relate current goings-on to these questions, where appropriate, extra credit may be possible.

The following questions are from the text case.

1. What are the external effects of a vaccine? (This does not mean rashes, fever, etc. Think in terms of the context of the material of the meaning of externalities, which affect others.)
2. Are people who rely solely on herd effects free riders? (Consider who, and how defined, are free riders?)
3. What are the scientifically verified potential harms of vaccines? (Identify at least one specific vaccine documented with potentially harmful results.)
4. What are the possible health outcomes of chickenpox, polio, and measles? (Address each one individually and not as a group.)
5. What are the external effects of these diseases? (Consider these diseases as a group and not individually.)
6. Have vaccination rates risen or fallen in the United States?
7. Would too few people be vaccinated if it were not mandatory? What evidence supports your conclusion? (Note there are two questions here.)
8. Are vaccination rates lower in states with personal-belief exemptions?
9. What steps do governments take to increase vaccination rates?
10. What steps do private companies take to increase vaccination rates? Why? (There are two questions.)