1-Clarity of definitions. A challenge we face is gaining clarity of a phenomena through the use of words, through a definition. For as we found last week, we see reality through our own lenses, which can blur the clarity desired. This week’s readings shined light on the challenges involved in defining terrorism, the difficulty in seeking clarity. Why is clarity important, because policies are derived based on our understanding of particular phenomena.

For this discussion, I would like you to explore the definitions put forth in the readings and reflect on whether or not they resonate with you. Do you agree/disagree? Are there elements that you were unaware of? Should hate crimes be considered terrorism? Do you have more or less clarity of the definition of terrorism after reading the material?

2- Power…control…manipulation…authoritarianism. State sponsored terrorism brings forth those characteristics related to unbridled, unchecked, power – military, economic, legal, and political power, as well as control of social institutions and media resources. The readings for this week highlight the various regimes throughout history, around the world that have used their power to gain more power, have used their power to suppress groups within in their own country – suppression through destruction and/or eradication of national, ethnic, racial or religious group. By all standards, these regimes have been and continue to be, brutal, using any means at their disposal to stay in power. Of course, state sponsored terrorism comes in many forms and can be directed domestically or outside the country.

For this week, let’s get a bit uncomfortable…let’s push to the edges of our comfort zone, explore those areas that lie in the darkness of our understanding…yes, shine some light into these areas and see what emerges. Given the complexity of international affairs, the intertwined economic and political associations, as well as the nature of globalization, I invite us to explore the role of external nation-states in domestic and international terrorism. In many cases, whether cover or overt, whether implicitly or complicity other nations have participated in state sponsored terrorism for their own benefit. In particular, I invite you to explore the role the United States has played in these arenas…especially related to Afghanistan…yes, perhaps a bit uncomfortable, but as we explore terrorism, this broader perspective provides us a broader understanding, thus allowing us to, potentially, develop policies and approaches to address terrorism. Lastly, it is important to remember that everything is connected…an interconnected web of belonging, where nothing is forgotten. I invite you to soak in these words of David Whyte as you approach this discussion:

3- Terrorism from within…differing from state sponsored terrorism, this week’s material explores dissident terrorism—that is, groups that oppose the government, ethnonational and/or religious group. Examples brought forth remind of us the vastness of this type of terrorism, the destruction, the tragedy, and the pervasive challenges it has caused regionally and globally – not only historically, but presently. Also presented, through the TED talks, are stories from those intimately involved in the types of terrorism described in the book – either directly, as a family member, or as an activist.

After spending time with the course material, I invite you to select one of the terrorist groups discussed in the book and explore the human side…that is, construct a reflection on the organization itself, as well as those who became victims of the organization. Feel into the overall sense of tragedy – the tragedy of the emergence of such a group and the tragedy of the destruction created by the group. I understand the complexities of this inquiry, especially given the narrow time frame. The purpose of this inquiry to remember the complex interconnectedness of humanity and the impacts that dissident terrorism in Africa or Central America has on the world.